Heating and cooling device for buildings



s sheets-sheet 1 A. H. BARKER HEATING AND COOLING DEVICE FOR BUILDINGS May 29, 1928.

A. H. BARKER HEATING AND COOLING DEVICE FOR BUILDINGS Filed Nov. 25, 192s s sheets-sheet 2 May 29, 1928.

A. H. BARKER HEATING AND COOLING DEVICE FOR BUILDINGS Filed Nov. 25, -1926 3 sheets-Sheet :s

vlam aa:

Patented May 29, 1928.

UNITEDl STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ARTHUR HENRY BARKER, OF WESTIIYIIIN'SZLER,v LONDON, ENGLAND.

HEATING AND COOLING DEVICE FOR BUILDINGS.

'Application tiled November 23, 1926, Serial No.

applied to a wall in such manner that the l heat is radiated into the building from the exposed outer surface of the plates without undue heat losses at the back. According to my invention the improved radiator has a flat or substantially flat metal vheat radiating Vsurface or plate with passages or channels forthe heating medium or fluid and with a rib or flange at its back to constitute the marginal boundary of a space immediately behind it. The said heat radiating surface or plate is composed of some inexpensive metal such as cast iron or rolled steel having only a relatively few heating passages or channels spaced Widely apart and Well away'from the marginal edge of .Said surfaceor plate (except at the inflow and outflow connections) and with flat or' substantially flat Webs between them of considerably greater area than the exposed areaof the said passages or channels thereby affording a better or more uniform distribu- 80 tion of temperature than heretofore overa large surface for radiation which therefore need only be heated to a relatively low temperature (say about 90 F.). The arrange ment of the heating passages or channels so that they are spaced widely apart and. well Aaway from the marginal edge of the plate, as aforesaid, is suitable for plain plates as well as for the ribbed or flanged plates. ln order further toconserve the heat at the 40 the back of the aforesai space, a sheet plate or lining of tin, copper, brass or other appropriate material, highly polished on its surface facing thc/'heat radiating plate so asto act as an internal heat reflector; or a j sheet plate or lining of a poor heat conducting character such for instance as hair felt mounted on a backing of metal or lother suitable material ,may be used instead of the heat reflecting plate.

ing or heat non-conducting plate in such manner that the enclosed space between them is air-tight orl approximately air-tight and for this purpose the aforesaid. marginal rib or flange may be rendered vtrue on its surface of radiation I .refer to provide at The 4 heat radiating. l plate may be secured to the said heat reflect- 150,304, and in Great Britain December 4, 1925.

face so that apreasonably good fit can .be made between the'aforesaid heat reflecting .0r non-conducting plate and the heat radiating plate, or between the wall and the heat radiating plate when the aforesaid heat reflecting or non-conducting plate is not` employed.

The said heat radiating plate with its heating passages or channels and the marginal rib or flange are preferably formedA as one casting, the aforesaid heat reflecting or non-conducting plate being detachably connected to the marginal rib or flange by any suitable means and in this case the radiator constitutes a self-contained unit which if desiredmay be used for standing on the' When large heat radiating surfaces are required the heat radiating plate may be built up in sections of any desired dimen-k sions which are secured together to form a 4continuous heat radiating surface in any appropriate manner, as for example by junctions of suitable form between the aforesaid passages or channels. y

To heat the radiatorelectrically I intro-y duce into seine or all of the heating channels or passages of the heat radiating plates electric heating elements of any appropriate kind which are so arranged as to supply heat directly7 tof said channels or passages, that is to say without the intervention of afluid (water) circulating through the channels or passages in which the electric heating elements are disposed. In some caser however the radiator may be adapted to be heated alternatively by electricity or byy steam or hot water at the will of the user, in which case some ofthe heating channels -or passages would be used for the circulation of the steam or vhot water and others (through which no steam or hot water passes) would be providedwith the electric heating ele. ments, the electric current for the latter being switched on and off as required, it being understood that when the steam or hot water is being used, the electric heating elements would be cut off and when thel elec- 2i., l I

' vtrie heating elements are being used the steam or hot water would be cut ofl, unless an extra amountof heat were required on certain occasions when both the steam or hot water and the electric heating elements Awould be employed at the same time.

In the accompanying drawings Figurel is a front elevation and Figures 2, 3 and 4 are sections taken rcspectively on the lines 2 2, 3-3 and 4--4 of Figure 1, showing the improved radiator in the'frm of a self-contained unit adapted to be placed against or contiguous to the wall ot' a room.

Figure 5 is a. front elevation and Figures 6, 7, 8 and 8a are sections taken repectively on. the lines 6 6, 7--7, 8-8 an Sii- 8a of Figure 5 showing the radiator built u in sections or elements and adapted to be a xed to the wallor ceiling of a room. Figure 9 is a Vertical section (similar to Figure 6) showing the radiator' adapted tobc eountersunk into alea vity formed for its reception inthe wall or ceiling.

' F1gure 10 'llustrates on a 'smaller scale than the other figures Yone form of the heatnon-conducting plate.

Figure 11 is a Vfront elevation of a radiator similar to that shown by Figure 5 adapted .to be heated electrically. l

Figure 12 is a longitudinal section on a larger scale taken through one of the longitudinal passages or channels showing a convenient form of electric heating member in place therein.

Figure 13 is a longitudinal section similar to Figure 12, and

Figure 14 is a cross section taken on the line 14;-14 of Figure 13, showing a modified form of electric heating member.

Like letters of reference indicate similar parts in all the figures.`

vA is the heat radiating plate and a, a are the passages or channels therein for the heat` ing medium or fluid, these passages or channels extending longitudinally and transversely and being as shown, few in number, spaced widely apart and well away from the marginal edge yof' said plate except at. the parts where they necessarily extend. to the edge to reach the inflow and outflow connections. a1 is thevrib or flange at the back ofthe plate A 'constitutilw the marginal boundary of the space B w ich is situated immediately behind the heat radiating plate Afand which is such that theexternal air cannot pass or circulate over the back of the lsaid plate. .C is the lheat reflecting plate constituting the back of the space Band having its inner surface highly polished to act as a reflector for directing the heat inwardly and'restraining it from being conducted away rthrough the back of the radiator;V The marginal rib or flange all has a depth equal to that of the space B* and to this flange the heat reflecting plate C is detachably secured b means of screws c engaging with internal ugs a2 on the plate A, the

edge ot' the flange being rendered true by machining or otherwise so that an air-ti ht or approximately air-tight connection etween the plate C and the flange a1 can be obtained, the radiator' thusconstituting a elf-contained unit. In Figures 1 to 4 the heat radiating plate A is provided with flanged brackets or feet a, ai? for supporting the radiator vertically on the floor, screws or other means of attachment being employed for securing it firmly in place in proximity to a wall.

In eases where large radiating surfaces are to be provided, the radiator' may be built upv in sections asshown by wayl of example in Figures 5, 6, 7, S'and 8a where three heat radiating plates are employed, viz z-two end plates and an intermediate plate. In this case each section may have a marginal rib or flange al extending all round it as shown at Figure 5 so that each section has its own lthreaded hollow plugs engage for securely connecting the sections together and renderingthe joints at the junctions fluid-tight. The said radiator maybe Vheld in place against the wall or ceiling of a room by les means of coach screws a5 engaging with plugs a* in the wall or ceiling, the heads of the screws being in the example shown (Figure 7) countersunk into the outer surface of the heat radiating plates A. Whenthe heat radiating plates are to be used in sectional or built up form, that is to say with the sections `attached togetherat theirmeeting'edges and with their heating assages in register, the aforesaid margmal anges may 1n some cases be dispensed with.

Instead of employing the heat reflecting A plate C at the back of the enclosed space B I- may employ a heat non-conducting member composed for example of a -sheet of hair felt b (Figure 10) attached to the sur- :face of a plate by a marginal frame b1 screwed-thereto.

In Figure 9 the radiator is shown countersunk into a recess formed for its reception in the wall E, the said recess bein of a depth equal to that of the flange a1 o the heat radiating plate A. Under certain circumstances as for instance where the wall atthe back of the recessv is a division wall between two rooms to be heated the aforesaid heat reflecting or heat non-conducting plate may be dispensed with.

Figure 12 and Figures 13 and 14 illustrate two examples suitable for use when the radiator is. to be heated electrically, said elements consisting of a central cylinder or core F of asbestos or other insulating material wound around or provided with an electric conductor in the form of a coil f having terminalsv f1 f2 for connection to a source of electric supply and surrounded by a tubular member or support a which 1s 'heated by the said element. This tubular member or support af may be constituted by the'walls of said channels or passages of the heat -radiating plate .A into which 'the said elements are introducedv as in Figure 12 in which 'case Washers, spiders or the like F Y composed of asbestosor other insulating material are provided around the central cylinder or core F and its surrounding coil f to'act as distance pieces for spacingsaid coil from the surrounding wall a of the may be mounted on insulating plates f3 countersunk in the sockets a* of the channels or passages. These plates may be situated at each end of the coil to enable one heating element to be connected to another in series if they are employed in separate lengths or if they be composed ofY a single length as indicated in Figure'll both terminals will be at one end as in Figures 12'and 13 and the central cylinder or core then might be made hollow, as shown in vthose figures, and a metal rod F* (Figure 12) inserted therein, the end ofthe coil f remote from the terminal plate f3 being connected to the corresponding end of the rod F4 and the terminal f2 being connected to the other nals as shown at Figure 13. Also instead of employing the-washers s iders Jor the like F 3 to lserve'as insulating istan'ce pieces', 'I may employ an insulated tube F2 surrounding the coil f and fitting against the inner surface of the surrounding Wall a of the metal portions.

or support a0 surrounding the coil f and its core F1 and the central rod F4, in the'case in I material in contact with both the tubular member or support a" and the rod F* in order to-complete the magnetic circuit.

Y -When the radiator is ladapted to 'be heated alternatively by electricity, orV byl steam or hot water, the transverse channels or passages a communicating with the longitudinal channels or passages would be of semicircular cross-section and stopped ofi' from e the longitudinal channels or passages at the places indicated by the dotted lines a20 in Figure 11 in order to, prevent the steam or hot water from reaching the electric heating'elements while renderin the said steam` or hot water free -to circu' ate in its own independent system.

Although I have described my improved radiator more particularly y'for use as a heating device it may alsobe'used incertain cases as a cooling device and therefore the term radiator used `in the description and' 4claims is intended to embody either of these uses in connection with buildings and other structures. 'I also wish it to be understood that while I have described my improved radiator more particularly for use in connection with a Wall it isl also intended to be used with aceiling and therefore when I refer in the claims to the wall I intend to include the ceiling; the wall is also inv tended to include a plurality of walls. Also,

whenI refer to circulating passages I in tend to include a singlefpassage in those cases Where its use would -be practicable.

What I lclaim and desire to secure by Let- Aters Patent of the United States is 1. A radiator lfor heating buildings consisting of -a metal plate adapted to be fixed to the Wall of the room Vto be heated and having a fiat orsubstantially flat and'extensive heat radiating surface with circulating passages for thev heating medium and aV ange at the back to constitute the marginal boundary of a space closed'to the flow of.

the external` air over the back of the plate. 2. A radiator for heating buildings consistinglof a metal plate adapted to. be fixed to the wall of the room to be heated'v and boundary of a space behind said plate, and

means for opposing the transmission of heat through the back boundary of said space.

3. A radiator for heating buildings consisting of a metal plate adapted to be fixed to the Wallv of the room to be heated and.

having a flat or substantially flat and exten- Asive heat radiating surface with circulating passages for the heating medium and aA to the wall of the room to be heated and having a flat or substantially flat and extenv sive heat radiating surface with circulating lsisting of passages for theheating medium and a flange at the back to'constitute the marginal boundary of a space behind said plate provided at the back Wit-h a detachable plate having a highly polished inner surface.

5. .A radiator for .heating buildings conto the wall of the room to be heated and h aving a flat or substantially flat and extensive heat radiating surface with circulating -pa'ssages'l for they heating medium and a marginal edge ofthe back to constitute the marginal boundflange boundary'of a space behind saidplate pro-` vided at the back with a heat non-conducting surface.

6. A radiator for heatin vbuildings consisting of a metal plate having a flat or substantially flat and eXtenSiVeheat radiating surface with circulating passages for the heating medium and a! space' bounded a't the front by said plate, at the sides and ends by a marginal flange and at the back by a heat opposing element, the whole constituting a self-contained unit adapted-'to be placed against Vor contiguous t the Wall of the room to be heated.

7. A radiator for sisting of -a metal plate adapted to be fixed to the wall of the room to be heated" and having al flat orv subs l ntially fiat and extensive heat radiating'surface with crossconnected longitudinal and transverse 'circulating passages Vfor the heating medium placed well apart and well away from the the plate and a fiange at ary of aspace behind said` plate.

8. A radiator forheating buildings consisting of a built up '/metal plate adapted to he fixed tothe wall ofthe room to be heated with its sections edge'to edge and -having a flat or substantially fiatV and extensive heat `radiating surface with longitudinal andand transverse circulating passages for the heating medium, a flange at the back of'said. sectionsto constitute the marginal boundary of a space behind said plate when built up and means for attaching said sections to-l gether at their meeting edges with their longitudinal .passages in register.

heating buildings cona metal plate adapted to be fixedl at the back to constitute the marginal y heating buildings con-h` tensive edge to to the wall of the room tobe heated. and having a flat or substantially flat and exsisting of avinetal plate adapted to betixedl be heated and to the Vwall/*ofil the room to having a flat or substantially flatand extensive, heatv radiating surface with heating passages of which some` serve as conduits for a heating. fluid an'd'others for lthe/reception ot' electric heating elements that are `inaccessible to the heating fluid, said heating fluid and` said electric heating elements bcing under control in such manner that either or both of' them may be brought into action at will. l

11. A radiator for heating buildings con- 'tensive heat radiating surface with heatingNw sisting of -a metal plate adapted tobe fixed to the wall of therooin to beheated and having a flat or substantially flat and cxtensive heat radiating surface with-heating passages, a'flange at the back to constitute the marginal boundaryl of a space behind vsaid plate and electric heating elements in said passages.

r152..' A radiator for heating buildings consisting of ametal plate adapted to be fixed to the Wall'ot' the room t0 be heated and having a fiat or substantially flat and extensive heat radiating surface with circulating passages for the heating medium placed Well apart and Well away from the marginal edge of the plate.

, 13. A radiator for heating buildings consisting of a metal plate adapted to be fixed to the wall of the room to be'heate'd and having a flat or substantially flat andrexheat radiating surface with crossconnected longitudinal and transverse circulating passages for thetheating'lnediuin placed Well apart andWell away Afrom the marginal vedge of the plate.

lll. A radiator for heating buildings consistingvof sectional metal plates adapted to ye fixed tov the wall of the room to be-heatcd tially fiat and extensive heat radiating surface with circulating passages for the heating medium and means sections together with their passages in register. Y

15. A radiator for heating buildings con\ sisting of sectional ymetal plates adapted to be fixed to the wall of the room to be heated edge each having a flat or substantially hat and extensive-heat lradiation surface with cross-connected longitudinal and transverse circulating passages for the heating medium and means for connecting said sections together with their longitudinal passages in register. n l

1R A radiator for heating buildin-gs conlill! for connecting said be fixed Vto the wall of the room to be heated with its sections edge to edge and having a flat or substantially flat and extensive heat radlatmgsurface with circulating passages for the heating medium, a flange at the back of saidsections to constitute the marginalA boundary of a space behind said plate when built up and means for attaching said `sections together at their meeting edges with their passages in register. Y

17.A'radiator for heating buildings consit-ing'ofa built-up metal plate adapted to be fixed fo the'wall of a roem to be heated with its sections edge to edge and having a fiat or substantially flat and extensive heat radiating surface with circulating passages for theheating medium, a flange at the back of said sections to constitute the marginal boundary of a s acebehind each section and means for attac ing the marginally ianged sections together at their meeting edges with their passages in register.

18. A radiator for heatingbuildings confisting of a built-up metal plate adapted to be fixed-to the wall ofthe room to be heated with its sections edge to'edge and yhaving a flatv or substantially flat land extensive heat radiating lsurface with longitudinal A and transverse circulatin" )assafvcs for the heating medium, a flange at the bark of said,

sections to constitute the marginal boundary of a space behmd each section and means for attaching the marginally Hanged s'ections together at their meeting edges withd their longitudinal passages in register.

' 'ARTHUR HENRY- BAKKER. 

